Haseeb Hameed and Ben Duckett made history on day two at the Incora County Ground, taking their second wicket stand to 402, a Nottinghamshire record for the second wicket.
Duckett made 241 and Hameed 196 before Liam Patterson-White, 54, and James Pattinson, 44 not out, smashed 105 off 85 balls.
Luke Fletcher and Dane Paterson then made early inroads during Derbyshire's reply, before unbeaten half-centuries from Wayne Madsen and Brooke Guest halted the visitors' charge.
*******
The Royal London Cup Final
The timeless pomp, ceremony and tradition of county cricket's historic 50-over final. 18 First-Class counties go head-to-head in this prestigious competition, aiming to emerge with the spoils at our historic venue. Secure your seats here...